资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。
2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。
因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。
日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
东西问丨短评:疫情歧视和偏见几时休?****** 中新社北京1月14日电 题:疫情歧视和偏见几时休? 作者 崔白露 近期,中国发布新冠病毒感染乙类乙管总体方案和中外人员往来暂行措施,优化调整疫情防控措施。 对此,多数国家持欢迎和理解态度。但少数国家罔顾科学事实,针对中国游客采取歧视性入境限制,将疫情问题政治化,给全球团结抗疫蒙上阴影。而给出的理由颇为牵强,或称缺乏信息,或忧新型毒株,但在事实面前经不起推敲。 资料图:机组人员和旅客正在过检。长沙机场 供图首先,中国是否及时与世界分享疫情信息?据统计,中国调整防疫措施后,已在近一个月内同世界卫生组织开展4次技术交流会议,向各国通报最新情况,并持续通过全球流感共享数据库(GISAID)分享病毒基因序列,相关数据与其他国家取自中国旅客的基因组数据一致。疫情三年,中国依法、及时、公开、透明发布疫情信息,与世卫组织开展的技术交流多达60余次。可见,少数国家所谓“缺乏信息”并不属实。 其次,中国公民会否给他国带来疫情冲击?答案是否定的。当前中国本土流行的优势毒株奥密克戎BA.5.2和BF.7谱系,早在2022年5月和8月已作为主要毒株席卷全球大部分国家,此时再特殊对待这两个亚分支已无必要。世卫组织欧洲区域办事处主任克卢格表示,中国流行的毒株早已出现,不会对当前欧洲疫情造成大的影响;新加坡卫生部长王乙康也称,2022年最后4周,中国入境新加坡的确诊病例不到新总输入病例的5%,远低于一些国家和地区的占比。 目前,全球奥密克戎亚型变异株超650种,其中在美国流行的最新亚分支XBB.1.5,仅一周时间就使其本土感染比例从约30%飙升至43%,成为美国主导毒株,并在欧洲等地迅速传播。面对全球新威胁,全力应对新变异毒株,才是各国当务之急。 再次,对于是否存在对华歧视性做法问题,个别国家辩称,对中国旅客落地检测核酸等措施并无歧视,是“依照科学和客观的证据”。但病毒无国界,若真担心输入型病例,应对所有入境旅客一视同仁,或对新变异毒株流行的区域采取适当措施。只针对一国公民的做法,不仅无法阻止病毒传播,反而会加剧散播歧视和偏见。 民众在出入境接待大厅签证证件引导台前进行咨询。 中新社记者 蒋启明 摄许多人开始担忧,这种歧视性的防疫措施或引发西方社会针对亚裔的新一轮种族主义危机。美国一名亚裔作家在《纽约时报》发文指出,美国对中国公民的旅行限制,实际上是在重弹亚洲人是“病态另类”的老调,让美国亚裔再次成为种族主义者针对的“替罪羊”。 一直以来,少数国家的政客和媒体将疫情政治化、武器化,把病毒作为实施政治操弄的“利刃”,关心疫情为虚,攻击中国为实。当中国调整政策,这些曾极力要求中国“放开”的国家,立刻采行“双标”。如某些国外专家和媒体对中国表现忧心忡忡,却对暴发XBB.1.5的美国宽容大度,称不必对美实施旅行限制;反复提及中国疫情数据,却无视美国政府自2022年10月不再每日公布官方数据、多国早已停止发布感染统计的现实。 三年来,中国与新冠病毒持续斗争,顶住一次次疫情冲击,最大程度维护人民生命安全、身体健康和经济社会发展,成为全球抗疫合作的中坚力量,为优化调整防控措施创造积极条件。近期,中国因时因势调整政策,多家国际机构看好今年中国经济并将增长预期调高至5%以上,泰国、马来西亚、印度尼西亚、马尔代夫等周边国家期盼中国游客到访,对人员往来持欢迎态度。多数国家都客观、积极地看待中国,并为双方交流创造条件。 无论是应对疫情反复,还是复苏全球经济,离不开各国同舟共济,守望相助。应多一些尊重科学,少政治操弄,多一些客观公正,少歧视偏见,多一些团结互助,少以邻为壑,作出符合科学事实和公众利益的选择。(完)
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