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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
二十大代表风采丨马玉山：用责任心拧紧“大国重器”******
中新网银川10月10日电 题：马玉山：用责任心拧紧“大国重器”
中新网记者 杨迪
奋战在国家装备制造工程一线，带领企业从低谷中“浴火重生”，改变进口阀“卡脖子”状况……近日接受中新网记者电话采访时，中国工程院院士，吴忠仪表有限责任公司党委书记、董事长马玉山直言，是责任心与使命感让他在困难中一直坚持下去，为自动控制装备国产化贡献力量。
1991年，马玉山从吉林大学毕业，分配到宁夏吴忠仪表厂，成为一名车间见习工人。彼时，大学生可谓“天之骄子”，毕业后在西北的一家小企业做工人，马玉山坦言，起初自己心里有点“不太平衡”：“那时，和我同期的毕业生大多都分配到了东南沿海地区的大厂，而我却来到了西北地区。”
但马玉山并未就此自怨自艾，他很快调整心态，开始从“底层”干起。在工作之余加班学习，主动向他人请教……凭借不懈的努力，马玉山快速成长，于2001年成为吴忠仪表的总工程师。
但此时，马玉山所在的企业却遭遇危机。20世纪九十年代初，吴忠仪表厂遭遇转型阵痛，在最低谷的时期，企业入不敷出，职工工资都难以发放，人员大量流失，面临倒闭风险。
马玉山并未选择逃离。“当时就是一种不服输的责任心让我坚持着，想把企业‘救活’。”为此，马玉山采取了开源节流、智能化管理、拓展产品销售渠道、安抚员工等多种措施。同时，宁夏各级党委和政府也为吴忠仪表厂“雪中送炭”，在多个重大装备国产化项目中“穿针引线”，为企业提供工程项目、政策扶持和资金补贴，帮助企业平稳度过转型期的阵痛。
马玉山(中)在工作中。 受访者 供图2010年，吴忠仪表厂改制吴忠仪表有限责任公司，彼时，国产阀价低质劣，国产装备用的高端阀被进口阀所垄断。“我是做产品设计出身的，我也清楚，只有做高端阀，企业才有出路，才能解决进口阀‘卡脖子’的问题。”马玉山就此萌发了自主制造高端阀的念头。
于是，马玉山带领团队，一步步在制造高端阀的路上攻坚克难。“在研发过程中，我们也经常失败，这时就及时总结经验来完善。”马玉山说。
“尤其是在煤化工领域，我们取得了突破。”马玉山介绍，大量煤化工所需的控制阀产品都需要耐高温高压和强腐蚀，国外产品也难以满足。他所在的团队经过攻坚，在该领域实现了突破：2013年，投资500亿元的全球单套规模最大煤制油项目在宁夏启动，马玉山团队负责研发该项目的控制阀。凭借着整个团队的努力，吴忠仪表取得了440多项发明和实用新型专利，解决了制约流程工业自动控制装备国产化中众多“卡脖子”项目。
此外，马玉山还积极为西部地区的工业人才培养贡献力量。“我们通过高薪聘请顶尖人才，并以‘师傅带徒弟’的形式培养宁夏本地人才，形成了一座完整的人才‘金字塔’。”马玉山说，未来，他的团队希望在低温领域、海洋工程、航空航天等的关键基础零部件领域去拓展，为“大国重器”的智能制造做出自己的贡献。(完)
（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎） [责编：天天中] 阅读剩余全文（）  视觉焦点
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